Collaborative robots (cobots) are designed to work near people with force and speed limits, are quick to program and redeploy, and suit small batches, machine tending and packing. Industrial robots are faster and carry far heavier payloads, but usually need guarding and more integration. Choose by payload, cycle time, how often the task changes, and the safety measures your risk assessment requires.
Robot selection starts with the task. Cobots and industrial robots solve different problems.
Side by side
| Cobot | Industrial robot | |
|---|---|---|
| Typical payload | Up to about 30 kg on larger models | Up to hundreds of kilograms |
| Speed | Limited near people | High |
| Safety approach | Force and speed limits, risk assessment | Guarding, fences, scanners |
| Programming | Hand guiding, graphical tools | Pendant and offline programming |
| Redeployment | Easy | Usually fixed |
| Best for | Machine tending, packing, screwdriving, inspection | Welding, painting, heavy handling, high speed |
Questions to answer first
- Payload, including the gripper and part.
- Reach to every pick and place point.
- Cycle time you need.
- Repeatability for the precision of the task.
- Batch size and changeovers per week.
- Risk assessment and required safeguards.
The rest of the cell
The robot is only part of the cost. Budget for the gripper, fixtures, sensors, safety components and integration. See how to calculate automation ROI.
Browse robots and cobots.
Common questions
Do cobots need guarding?
Sometimes. A cobot application is only collaborative if the risk assessment shows it is safe, including the tool and the part. Sharp or heavy payloads may still need guarding or scanners.
Which standards apply?
Robot safety is covered by ISO 10218, and ISO/TS 15066 gives guidance on collaborative applications. Local regulations also apply.
Are cobots easier to program?
Most cobots offer hand guiding and graphical programming, which suits teams without robot specialists.
Can a cobot replace an industrial robot?
For light payloads and moderate speeds, often. For heavy parts and high-speed lines, industrial robots remain the better fit.